General Health scores and calculators
19 general health instruments, grouped by what they do. Each carries its scoring formula in full, published clinically important thresholds where they exist, and its copyright status.
Conditions covered
Advanced cancer · Ankle fracture · Any musculoskeletal condition · Bone metastasis · Cartilage defect · Chondral lesion · Chondromalacia patellae · Chronic low back pain · Chronic pain · Comorbidity · Compound fracture · Crush injury of the limb · Deep vein thrombosis · Distal radius fracture · Femoral neck fracture · Femoral shaft fracture · Fibromyalgia · Generalised joint hypermobility · Growth arrest · Growth plate injury · High-energy trauma · Hip fracture · Hip osteoarthritis · Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome · Hypermobility spectrum disorder · Impending pathological fracture · Knee osteoarthritis · Leg swelling · Limb-threatening vascular injury · Long bone fracture · Mangled extremity · Metastatic bone disease · Multimorbidity · Multiple myeloma · Open fracture · Open tibial fracture · Opioid overdose risk · Opioid therapy · Osteoarthritis · Paediatric fracture · Pathological fracture · Perioperative risk · Perioperative risk stratification · Periprosthetic joint infection · Persistent musculoskeletal pain · Physeal bar · Physeal fracture · Pilon fracture · Post-operative DVT · Post-operative pain · Post-operative recovery · Pre-operative assessment · Primary bone tumour · Proximal humerus fracture · Pulmonary embolism · Recurrent joint instability · Spinal metastasis · Tibial shaft fracture · Traumatic amputation · Venous thromboembolism
Patient-reported outcome measure4
- PSEQ10 itemsPain Self-Efficacy QuestionnaireThe Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire measures how confident a person is in carrying out activities despite their pain, scoring ten statements from 0 to 6 for a total of 0 to 60, where higher scores indicate stronger self-efficacy and 40 or more is the commonly cited threshold for a good functional prognosis.
- PROMIS Global-1010 itemsPROMIS Global Health Short Form (Global-10)The PROMIS Global-10 is a 10-item general health questionnaire that yields two four-item summary scores — Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health — each reported as a T-score calibrated to the United States general population, where 50 is the population mean, 10 points is one standard deviation, and higher scores indicate better health.
- Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia17 itemsTampa Scale of KinesiophobiaThe Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia is a 17-item self-report questionnaire of fear of movement and (re)injury in people with pain, scored 1 to 4 per item (four items reverse-scored) for a total of 17 to 68, where a higher total means more fear and a total above 37 is widely used as the cut-off for high kinesiophobia.
- TSK-1111 itemsTampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, 11-item versionThe TSK-11 is the 11-item short form of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, which drops the four reverse-scored items and items 9 and 14 of the original, scores each remaining statement 1 to 4 for a total of 11 to 44, and reads a higher total as more fear of movement and (re)injury.
Clinical calculator7
- Beighton9 itemsBeighton Score for Joint HypermobilityThe Beighton score measures generalised joint hypermobility with nine bedside manoeuvres scored one point each, giving a total from 0 to 9, where 4 or more is the conventional adult threshold and 6 or more the threshold in children.
- Caprini37 itemsCaprini Risk Assessment Model for venous thromboembolismThe Caprini Risk Assessment Model estimates the risk of venous thromboembolism in a surgical patient by adding risk factors weighted 1, 2, 3 or 5 points — with elective lower limb arthroplasty, a hip, pelvis or leg fracture, stroke and acute spinal cord injury each worth 5 — to give a total that hospital protocols then map to a prophylaxis level.
- CCI17 itemsCharlson Comorbidity IndexThe Charlson Comorbidity Index is a weighted checklist of 16 comorbid conditions that produces a comorbidity score of 0 to 33, to which up to 4 points are added for age, and which estimates 10-year survival at roughly 98% for a total of 0, 90% for 2, 53% for 4 and 21% for 5.
- Elixhauser21 itemsElixhauser Comorbidity Score (van Walraven weights)The Elixhauser comorbidity score applies the van Walraven point weights to 30 comorbidities, giving each a whole-number weight from −7 to +12 so that their sum predicts in-hospital death from hospital diagnosis codes — and in one large national inpatient dataset it discriminated slightly better than the Charlson index.
- MESS5 itemsMangled Extremity Severity ScoreThe Mangled Extremity Severity Score adds four components — skeletal and soft tissue injury, limb ischaemia (doubled if ischaemia exceeds six hours), shock and age — and a total of 7 or more was 100% predictive of amputation in the original series, a threshold that later prospective work found does not hold well enough to decide an individual case.
- Mirels4 itemsMirels' Score for Pathological Fracture RiskMirels' score estimates the risk of pathological fracture through a long bone metastasis by scoring four variables — site, pain, radiographic appearance and lesion size — from 1 to 3 each, giving a total from 4 to 12, where 9 or more is the conventional threshold for prophylactic fixation.
- MMEMorphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) CalculatorThe morphine milligram equivalent calculator converts the total daily dose of one or more opioids into a single morphine-equivalent figure, used to assess cumulative opioid exposure and overdose risk, where 50 MME per day and above warrants careful review.
Classification system7
- AO/OTA3 itemsAO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation ClassificationThe AO/OTA classification gives every fracture an alphanumeric code in which the first digit is the bone, the second the segment and the letter the fracture type — extra-articular, partial articular or complete articular in an end segment, and simple, wedge or multifragmentary in a shaft — so that 32-A is a simple femoral shaft fracture and 43-C a complete articular pilon fracture.
- ASA2 itemsASA Physical Status ClassificationThe ASA Physical Status Classification grades a patient’s pre-operative systemic health from I, a normal healthy patient, to VI, a declared brain-dead organ donor, with an E modifier added for emergency procedures.
- ECOG1 itemsECOG Performance StatusThe ECOG Performance Status grades a patient’s functional capacity from 0, fully active, to 4, completely disabled and confined to bed or chair, with 5 denoting death — and in orthopaedic oncology it is the single figure that most often decides whether a metastatic lesion is worth fixing.
- Gustilo-Anderson4 itemsGustilo-Anderson Classification of Open FracturesThe Gustilo-Anderson classification grades open fractures from type I to type IIIC by wound size, degree of soft tissue damage, contamination and vascular injury, and it is the system that drives antibiotic choice, debridement planning and the decision on soft tissue coverage.
- Kellgren-Lawrence1 itemsKellgren-Lawrence Classification of OsteoarthritisThe Kellgren-Lawrence classification grades radiographic osteoarthritis from 0 to 4 based on osteophyte formation, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and bone contour deformity, with grade 2 conventionally taken as the threshold for definite radiographic osteoarthritis.
- Outerbridge1 itemsOuterbridge Classification of Chondral LesionsThe Outerbridge classification grades articular cartilage damage from 0 to IV at arthroscopy, progressing from normal cartilage through softening, fissuring under and over 1.3 centimetres in diameter, to full-thickness erosion exposing subchondral bone.
- Salter-Harris3 itemsSalter-Harris Classification of Physeal FracturesThe Salter-Harris classification grades fractures involving the growth plate into five types, from a fracture through the physis alone (type I) to a crush injury of the physis (type V), according to whether the fracture line also involves the metaphysis, the epiphysis, or both.