Ankle fracture

Patient-reported outcome measure2

• FAAM Calculator29 items
  Foot and Ankle Ability MeasureThe FAAM is a 29-item patient-reported questionnaire for musculoskeletal disorders of the leg, foot and ankle that produces two separate subscale scores — Activities of Daily Living from 21 items and Sports from 8 items — each expressed from 0% (unable to perform the listed activities) to 100% (no limitation).
• FAOS Calculator42 items
  Foot and Ankle Outcome ScoreThe FAOS is a 42-item patient-reported questionnaire adapted from the KOOS that scores foot and ankle problems as five separate subscales — Symptoms, Pain, Activities of Daily Living, Sport and Recreation, and Quality of Life — each from 0 (extreme problems) to 100 (no problems).

Clinical calculator1

• AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Calculator9 items
  AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot ScaleThe AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale is a 100-point clinician-administered rating combining 40 points for pain, 50 for function across seven items and 10 for alignment — and although it remains the most-reported outcome in the foot and ankle literature, the society that published it withdrew its endorsement in 2011 because it was never validated.

Classification system3

• AO/OTA Classification3 items
  AO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation ClassificationThe AO/OTA classification gives every fracture an alphanumeric code in which the first digit is the bone, the second the segment and the letter the fracture type — extra-articular, partial articular or complete articular in an end segment, and simple, wedge or multifragmentary in a shaft — so that 32-A is a simple femoral shaft fracture and 43-C a complete articular pilon fracture.
• Weber Classification3 items
  Danis-Weber Classification of Ankle FracturesThe Danis-Weber classification sorts ankle fractures into three types by the level of the fibular fracture relative to the tibiotalar joint line — type A below the syndesmosis, type B at it, and type C above it — because the height of the fibular fracture predicts how much of the syndesmosis is torn.
• Lauge-Hansen Classification2 items
  Lauge-Hansen Classification of Ankle FracturesThe Lauge-Hansen classification is a mechanistic system that sorts rotational ankle fractures into four patterns named for the position of the foot and the direction of the deforming force — supination–adduction, supination–external rotation, pronation–abduction and pronation–external rotation — each staged by how far the predictable sequence of bone and ligament failure has progressed.

Clinical decision rule1

• Ottawa Ankle Rules7 items
  Ottawa Ankle RulesThe Ottawa Ankle Rules determine whether an acute ankle or midfoot injury requires radiographs, based on bone tenderness at four specific sites and the ability to bear weight for four steps; they are approximately 98% sensitive for clinically significant fractures.

Thresholds that apply here

Published change thresholds across the instruments above. Check the population matches your patient before using a value — a threshold derived in a different cohort will mislead you.

See the full threshold database for every instrument on the site.

Related conditions

• Achilles tendinopathy2
• Ankle osteoarthritis3
• Ankle sprain and instability6
• Hallux valgus3